China †the aims and effects of the one child policy Free Essays

A variety of social policies aimed at controlling population change have been established around the world. But in this answer I will be evaluating a very controversial example of a policy that aimed to tackle rapid population growth by reducing fertility rate (also known as anti-natalist) – China’s One-Child Policy. During the second half of the twentieth century, the Chinese government became concerned about the population growth; this is mainly due to the philosophy of the government under Chairman Mao, in the mid-twentieth century, which was that ‘a large population gives a strong nation’ and so the government encouraged people to have more and more children. We will write a custom essay sample on China – the aims and effects of the one child policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This consequently led to an increase in population of 55 million every year and a famine in 1962 which caused nearly 30 million deaths. This massive growth in population forced a policy change in 1974, in order to avoid a Malthusian-type disaster in the future (The theory that population increases more rapidly than the food supply leading to famine and, inevitably, death). It encouraged the country to reduce the birth rate by the slogan ‘wan-xi-shao’ which called for later marriages, longer gaps between children and fewer children. However, this policy was not effective enough, and the population continued increasing and did not follow the pattern of the DTM (demographic transition model). This then led the government to introduce the one-child policy in 1979, which set strict limits on the number of children that a couple were allowed to have. In order to further enforce this policy; strong pressure was put on women to use contraceptives (e.g. contraceptive pills) which were more widely available. Special family planners and ‘granny police’ were introduced in order to make sure that women were practising contraception and were instructed to report any pregnancies. The government also introduce incentives like; free healthcare and education for one child and then fines for more than one child. Also, more controversially, enforced late abortions and sterilisation became common, which mainly human rights activist heavily criticised and opposed. However, the policy had very negative effects on the country. Firstly, it led to female infanticide; where couples preferred sons, and baby girls were killed so they could have another chance of getting a boy. This occurred more often in rural areas, where there was less control from the government, and also where traditions were most important. This was mainly because male descendents were preferred as they can carry on the family name from generation to generation. This male dominance led to an imbalance in male to female sex ratio, where the number of men far exceeded that of men. This then further lowered fertility rates as there weren’t enough women ‘to go round’. As well as an imbalance in the sex ratio, where was also an imbalance in the age ratio, as the policy vastly increased the dependency ratio and the country suffered from an ageing population. This was mainly due to the ‘4-2-1’ situation, which meant that ‘1’ child had to look after their ‘2’ parents and ‘4’ grandparents all at the same time and because of the increasing life expectancy. The policy also led to social implications on the child itself, such as the spoilt ‘little emperor’ syndrome where the attention of the family fell on one child. It is also suggested that it had a negative effect on the child’s social skills, as they grew up with no other siblings, therefore found it harder to integrate into society and led to poor communication skills. However, from 1990 onwards, the policy was slightly relaxed in order to combat some of the problems. For example, only-child couples were allowed to have two children, in order to relieve some of dependency on the children and also because they were concerned about the economic implications of an ageing population. In addition, the policy became harder to enforce for reasons such as the revolution in global communication and socialisation, which opened up the country to much greater social influence from the west. However, in more remote parts of the country, the policy is still encouraged. For example, the authorities in Guangdong (state capital) order 20,000 abortions and sterilisations by the end of 2001. Despite all of the negative implications, the decrease in overall population growth has had some positive effects, such as the positive economic growth. This was mainly due to the major decrease in demand for resources to support the needs of the population, which in turn led to a reduction in the stress placed upon the environment. There was also a drop in unemployment due to labour surplus and more disposable being available due to less money being spent on children. In conclusion, I believe that the one-child policy was a very brutal policy that disregarded the basic human rights of people and that a more gentle approach should have been taken. However, there is no argument that population management was inevitable in order to maintain a high standard of living, and that the one-child policy has avoided a Malthusian-type disaster (e.g. famine and war) and has better stabilised the population of China. This is because 400 million births were prevented and the annual growth rate had fallen to 0.6% as well. It is also clear that the policy is evolving for the better, as by 2006 the Chinese government moved towards a more health-orientated policy and committed itself to implement international agreements, promoting mother and child welfare. How to cite China – the aims and effects of the one child policy, Papers

Summary of Hot, Flat, Crowded by Thomas L. Friedman free essay sample

He then also argues that the United States can solve its own problems and help the entire planet, by becoming a world leader in green technology. Global warming, global flattening, and global crowding are the three main elements leading up to the five big problems which are energy supply and demand, petrodictatorship, climate change, energy poverty, and biodiversity loss. Global Warming~Hot: Global warming is the problem. There’s nothing to it plain and simple. The idea that the world is becoming â€Å"hot† which is an issue for the world as a whole. This is where Friedman believes that global warming could actually be a potential source of salvation for the United States, that green energy will be the next major advancement in global economies. The need for renewable energy technology and for technologies that will reduce the need for energy will increase substantially. This is where Friedman and I have the same idea that whichever country dominates the development and production of green technology will become or remain the strongest country in the world, now this is economically speaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Hot, Flat, Crowded by Thomas L. Friedman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Friedman also hopes that the United States will develop a national strategy that will allow it to dominate this vial sector of the future economy. Globalized Economy ~ Flat: When Friedman says the world is â€Å"flat† he means the economy is increasingly globalized, which it is. The internet and other technologies as we all know have allowed many jobs especially those that pay well to be performed by workers just about anywhere in the world. There is a major downfall to this for the United States which is jobs can be outsourced to people who will do them as well as Americans can but for a shorter amount of money. Rapidly Increasing Populations ~ Crowded: The final problem is that the world has become â€Å"crowded† meaning the world is overpopulated and the global population is increasing by becoming middle-class. What does this mean? It means that as people achieve middle-class status, they will start to demand more and more material goods, thus the production of these goods uses even more resources. Crowding is a particular problem in the United States as we all know. Friedman says that the consumption of non-renewable resources tends to enrich oil-rich countries of the Middle East and thus threatening national security. Global warming, global crowding, and global flattening are the three main factors and as results there are five key problems and they are: Energy Supply and Demand: â€Å"Growing demand for ever scarcer energy supplies and natural resources† In the periods between the Industrial Revolution up until the twentieth century, there was an illusion most people believed in and that was that all the fossil fuels humanity was using for our transportation, buildings, heating, electricity, cooking, and other industrial purposes were completely never ending, inexpensive, and both climate and political use good. However, all this began to change when humanity woke up from this illusion right into reality. It was when we entered the Energy-Climate Era that we soon realized of fossil fuels being increasingly expensive, exhaustible, and are politically, environmentally, and climatically toxic because of all the CO2 being released into the atmosphere by the fossil fuels that we increasingly consume on a daily basis. What changed is that the economy became increasingly globalized and the world is becoming overpopulated and the global population is increasingly becoming middle class; all at a fast rate than we have anticipated. So basically when your economy is globalized and world population increases (flat plus crowded), there will be a global demand for food, energy, and natural resources which of course grew at a quick pace. Philip K. Werleger Jr. , who is a well-known energy economists who also wrote in the International Economy (September 22, 2007) stated that, â€Å"History may well repeat from 2001 to 2020 as China, India, and other countries move from developing to developed nations. Consumption can be expected to increase at a pace close to the rate of the economic growth in these nations, just as it did in Europe, Japan, and the United States following the Second World War† And he also stated that, â€Å"While these countries may, through efficiency measures be able to produce more GDP growth with less energy, the fact is that they are now involved in building massive amounts of new infrastructure and â€Å"that infrastructure is energy intensive. Many more people can suddenly or are or will be living the middle-class lifestyle and not to mention that they are demand-driven. These are the forces that are fueling the Energy-Climate Era. Larry Goldstein who is an oil export at the Energy Policy Research Foundation mentions â€Å"the pivotal year that told us we were in a new era in terms of global energy supply and demand was 2004. There were two major incidents that happened that year and they were an increased demand for energy thanks to China’s growth and all the spare crude, product, and refining capacity all disappeared. Following this are three reasons such as a shortage of skilled petroleum engineers, drilling equipment’s as well as other equipment’s in the oil industry which makes expanding the oil production very difficult. Second, many countries have kicked out foreign oil producers in order to pump more oil themselves – this is exactly what the Middle East and Russia have done. This action basically discouraged the professional experienced global oil companies there and also reduced the production of oil in general. Finally, many western nations as well as America have limited the amount of acreage they were willing to offer for conservative reasons. Not only did oil prices began to soar but to there is also oven more demand for natural resources. In general, we are running out and/or a shortage of many resources such as steel, contractors, and engineers. One important factor you have to keep in mind is that with an increase in fuel prices results in an increase on agriculture which then results in an increase of grocery prices due to countries allocating more land for biofuels like ethanol so that they can be less dependent on oil. Overall, this is what happens when the world becomes both flat and crowded. Petrodictatorship: â€Å"Massive transfer of wealth to oil-rich countries and to their petro dictators† When I hear the word petrodictatorship, I come to think of those very rich Arabs, with their flowing robes and turbans on their heads who hail from oil-rich producing Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Iran, and other Persian Gulf states. Petrodictatorship involves a massive transfer of wealth from energy-consuming countries to energy-producing countries which amounts to hundreds of billions of dollars a year, and the price of oil soaring at great heights. These massive amounts of wealth go directly to the hands of nondemocratic leaders preferably dictators and this is a major trend in these oil-rich producing countries. Climate Change: â€Å"Disruptive Climate Change† The rise of earth’s average temperature has caused many natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina back in 2005 or the tsunami that hit Japan last year. The reason all behind it is because CO2 stays in the atmosphere for several thousand years and the more CO2 that gets into Mother Nature’s system results in more catastrophic events from nature. As we enter the Energy-Climate Era we are leaving the perceived ideas of manageable and reversible effects of climate change such as conventional pollution, acidic rain, ozone depletion, and etc. However, as we leave that era and enter an era where we finally start to realize that these effects are becoming more and more unmanageable and irreversible. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change also known as the IPCC report told us that Hurricane Katrina gave us a sample of what unmanageable climate change could look like in the near future, when the city of New Orleans was smashed by Katrina many climatologists believed this was due to global warming. All of this is due to all the greenhouse gas emissions we humans use on a daily basis. Rajendra Pachauri who is the chairman of IPCC stated, â€Å"If there is no action before the year 2012, then it is too late. What we do in the next three years will determine our future. This is the defining moment. One must keep in mind that there is an enormous difference between a two degree temperature rise and a five degree temperature rise says Peter Gleick who is the cofounder and president of the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security. Energy Poverty: â€Å"Electricity haves and Electricity have-nots† Electricity is important in our time because o f the world increasingly becoming hot, flat, and crowded; there will also be more demands for electricity as electricity provides a wide-range of necessities such as connection to the internet and lighting. Staying connected to the internet through electricity lets you compete, connect, and collaborate both locally and globally; however, without electricity you cannot do any of these tasks. One of the many benefits of a computer is forecasting weather, which is a great tool to keep track and indicate climate changes so that one may prepare him/herself for any climate changes. Also, electricity helps you desalinize water, drill deeper wells, or use power tools to build dams and higher walls. So, there we go, we have two types of groups: first, those who cannot afford electricity or the electricity have not’s and second, those who can afford electricity or the electricity haves. Since the world is crowded, there will be a higher percentage of group two which are the electricity have not’s. Biodiversity Loss: â€Å"Plants and animals become extinct at record rates† The rapidly accelerating biodiversity loss is a major problem to our planet in general. Ever since we humans began to develop our economies, build more roads, extract natural resources, overfish, and become more and more urbanized at a very fast pace, we have come to destroying natural habitats, coral reefs, natural ecosystems, open land, spoiling rivers with toxic waste, and destroying habits thus causing the extinction of many species due tour â€Å"productive† activities. Methods Author uses: The author, Thomas L. Friedman uses a different method to write his book by splitting the book into two sections which I believe the second section is the real important part of the book and the first one is not that nteresting but informational. The first section of the book talks about all the obvious problems we face today such as pollution and energy issues. The second section is where Friedman gives us an insight of possible solutions and successfully argues the business case for going green. Looking back into the past, the United States was the leader in the manufac turing business and then the information age that followed, so how come we are not leading the green age? This is America’s chance to be a leader for a third time by taking advantage of this great opportunity of starting a green revolution within America first and then take it on from there. America has lost their attention by its many wars on terror and other third world countries and strayed away from global leadership. However, if we do not act now others will take that chance for us which makes us join the bandwagon when it is already a little too late. Developing a system in which we preserve our natural assets because the degradation of these assets will and is directly affecting the quality of our lives. Friedman mentions that each preservation system will need to be different depending on the local environment and to this there are six main components. First, is that the national government policies need to set aside areas for conservation and other areas for development. Second, is to have economic opportunities for the local community to thrive without harming the local biodiversity. Third, is have investors with an interest in keeping the biodiversity intact and make profits. Fourth, is having a local government who is able and willing to preserve and protect the areas. Fifth, is have experts with the ability to do biodiversity assessment to assess which areas should be protected and lastly educational programs for the people so it is less necessary to plunder the natural world around us. Code Green: This is Friedman’s proposed plan and solution to the dilemmas we now face. Code Green basically highlights the need for a whole new system to power our economy, keep our planet clean, and making our living styles much better. It is about how we need to replace and get rid of the â€Å"dirty fuel† with something more fresher and green wise. There are three main components to plan A also known as Code Green and they are clean energy, energy efficiency, and conservation. Also keep in mind that Code Green is plan A and there is no plan B. * Clean Energy: We need to replace the dirty fuel we are now using with something that is much cleaner, sustainable, cheap, and abundant. * Energy Efficiency: Since clean energy will not be here any time soon, we need to at least reduce the demand and usage of fossil fuels that are emitting CO2 into our ozone layer and causing global warming and climate changes. * Conservation: We need to change our lifestyles into something that is much greener and finally taking responsibility for the earth. Using less fossil fuels and other toxic products so that it can stall the ever growing problem of global warming, ozone depletion, acidic rain, and etc. Green Technology: Going green or thinking green is much more than a clean energy movement because it has to be a way of life; a new lifestyle that is. As for China who is growing tremendously and becoming industrialized at a very fast rate, needs to learn how to adopt new standards very soon. The Chinese needs to focus on being green right now and not worry about it later as they only focus on industrialization. Friedman suggests that the citizens of china should stand up for their basic right to breath in clean air since the government only focuses on putting a greater emphasis on the industrialization than being green. Green Revolution: Friedman clearly outlines the governmental policies that we will need to shed more light on the green revolution. The green revolution is a revolution of simply being green, changing the way we live, taking care of the planet we live in, and becoming smart when using technologies. He also stresses of the fact for needing a green revolution, that the citizens need to demand a green revolution, and that we also need a new generation of politicians who understand the need for a green revolution and will act upon it. Chapter Three: Our Carbon Copies (or, Too Many Americans)   This chapter begins with the portrayal of two examples of foreign cities which have rapidly transformed into American-like mega cities. One is Doha, Qatar, and the other is Dalian, China. Both are described as having high populations and massive amounts of infrastructure which have been built in response to consumer demand for technological products. Due to high levels of Carbon Dioxide pollution over a very short period, overpopulation, and industrial presence, these two cities have become hot, flat, and crowded. In the country of India, the presence of technological change and their niche of the last several years, the majority of the population has risen out of poverty to a life style of commuter traffic. Chapter Eight: Green is the New Red, White and Blue There is an importance in which all of the problems already discussed, such as the human race, or being the first nation stepping up and making a change, moving forward and leading an existence which is less harsh on the planet. We the citizens of the world need a new clean energy system as of right now; one that can reduce and eventually eliminate our carbon mess. We can no longer hide the major and sickening changes around us and there is no clear reason for anyone to turn the blind eye. The new â€Å"green lifestyle that is necessary presents the companies who pioneer the movement with great opportunities as well. It also equates to â€Å"economic, political, innovative, and reputational power† for the nation who embraces this challenge and identity (Friedman, 212). An old way of viewing individuals who care about the preservation of the environment is to refer to them with the negative terms â€Å"tree-hugger† or â€Å"hippie. † This view was popular with those who were progressive in terms of our industrial progress and goals of the last century. It is time for this way of thinking to yield to a new green movement, which Friedman adores the title â€Å"code green. Friedman wants his audience to understand that â€Å"green is the new red, white, and blue. † Chapter Ten: The Energy Internet~ When IT meets ET Chapter ten describe what real clean energy implementation would be like. The energy systems of old which are still being utilized were never designed with anyone’s wellbeing or efficiencies in mind. Instead they were designed to be efficient for the com panies who administer them to install and to yield profit. Obviously this system is outdated and represents a time when no one cared about how much coal we used and still use, or where the toxic emissions go. In the future we will need smarter technologies that respond to changes in electrical demand, rather than continually running inefficiently. By changing core IT hardware such as hard drives and other infrastructure currently utilized, we can dramatically lower our energy usage—energy which we will use more wisely and efficiently. Chapter Eleven: The Stone Age Didn’t End Because We Ran Out of Stones Chapter thirteen sends us the message that we need to act very quickly. We simply cannot wait until we run out of a given resource to worry about how to fulfill its place. Instead we need to innovate. Innovating something that is much greener, sustainable, and cleaner would be the item of choice. Therefore, we cannot regulate our use of fossil fuels, or how these fossil fuels are refined and the outcome of the final product. We need to open our eyes and look farther into the future instead of looking down on our feet. Chapter Fourteen: Out Greening Al-Queda (or, Buy One, Get Four Free) Going green or thinking green is more than a clean energy movement; people need to understand that it is a way of life. Using a lot less of energy and are sustainable off of a lot less than for example, Friedman states that the United States military, which is dependent on a lot of energy, derived from use of fossil fuels. This dependence limits the military’s ability to react quickly and helps determine the limits of what they can do and where they can do it. For the United States military to maintain power and to reflect upon our status of power as a nation, they must adapt to green technologies that are more practical such as solar power. Overall we need to change our habits and ways. Conclusions drawn by author: In his book Hot, Flat, amp; Crowded, Friedman mostly focuses on the problems and remedies of global warming. However, Friedman also identifies and gives detail descriptions and solutions of major problems facing the world, of which global warming the greatest. In the very final chapter, Friedman focuses on the businesses and technologies that we will be using to make the green revolution both come alive and work. In the eighteenth chapter of Friedman’s book, he advices the United States to come up with a green plan to make drastic changes in the near future. In others quit with all these â€Å"researches† and take action for once. His main argument is that the United States and the world could solve its own problems and help the entire world. But the question is what are we waiting for? Examples of how book relates to class: One of the most interesting elements out of Friedman’s work is its recasting of geography. The idea of geography used to encompass vast distances of worlds that are known. There was a sense of the separate that encompassed geographic study such as â€Å"X was here† and â€Å"we are there. However, Friedman recasts this in a variety of ways. Initially, because of the vast progression of information technology and the massive proliferation of technological contact between people, there is a growing interconnectedness between people and nations. Geography is being seen as a more â€Å"closely† defined realm, whereby distance is not the focal point, but rather the togetherness is shared. Geog raphic distances are now only seen as a source of amazement as to how our world is actually smaller. Borders are only made to be overcome. At the same time, geography has changed in emphasizing the interdependence that is present. In emphasizing how connected all individuals really are, Friedman makes the point that geography has to focus on how destruction of resources in one area of the overcrowded world impacts others nearby. In this recasting of geography; closeness over distance is emphasized. Personal Reaction: My personal reaction was two things the first was fascination because of how Friedman connects environmental issues and ties that into the globalization of our world. How he talks about the problems such as global warming or over population and then delivers a detail description of what he thinks is the possible solutions. Friedman is very straight through and gives hardcore evidence of the many dilemmas we humans face as well as Mother Nature. Second, I was surprised as to how much trouble this generation is in and I have to say at first I didn’t believe Friedman, thought it was some fictional scientific report; however, that was not the case. The case was that everything Friedman mentions was and still is true and he backs that up with plenty of facts from numerous sources. Honestly, I believe Friedman is one of the most brilliant people around because of his foresight to use facts from where we have been, where we currently are, and were we are heading. Upon completing this book, it has left me with an insight of the perils we face yet that we must make a change right now and take action. References: Friedman, Thomas L. Hot, flat, and crowded 2.0: Why we need a green revolutionand how it can renew America. Macmillan, 2009. Kalpakjian, Serope, and Steven R. Schmid. Manufacturing engineering and technology. Ed. KS Vijay Sekar. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson, 2014. Chen, B. K., P. F. Thomson, and S. K. Choi. Temperature distribution in the roll-gap during hot flat rolling. Journal of materials processing technology 30.1 (1992): 115-130. Sparling, L. G. M. Formula for ‘Spread’in Hot Flat Rolling. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 175.1 (1961): 604-640. Ward, S. H., et al. A summary of the geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area, Utah. Geophysics 43.7 (1978): 1515-1542. Kim, Sung Joong, et al. Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50.19 (2007): 4105-4116.

The Best Novel Writing Software of 2019 (Including 4 Free Programs)

The Best Novel Writing Software of 2019 (Including 4 Free Programs) The Best Novel Writing Software of 2019 So, you’ve just started writing a novel - which means you’re figuring things out as you go. You probably have a flock of Google Docs to wrangle, you’re always scribbling on napkins, and you have no idea where anything is. If this scenario sounds familiar, there’s one thing you need: some good ol’-fashioned (well, more like new-fashioned) novel writing software.Luckily for you, we’ve come up with this list of the best, most affordable pieces of novel writing software in 2019. All of these will not only keep you organized, but also inspire you to keep writing till the very last page. And best of all, some programs cost nothing at all! In the spirit of thriftiness, let's start with your options. Which writing software is best for you? Find out here! âÅ" Ã°Å¸â€˜ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ Ã°Å¸â€™ » Reedsy Book Editor💠° Price tag: Free software!âÅ"…  Features: Format as you write, export files that are ready for instant distribution, track changes, choose between "classic" or "romance" themesTaking into account the fact that we created the Reedsy Book Editor (RBE), we'll admit this novel writing software holds a special place in our hearts. But it's not just ownership pride - we genuinely believe this tool can add a lot of value and assistance to the process of writing a book.Some authors like a software with lots of bells and whistles - tools to help you research, structure, and outline. Other writers prefer completely minimal softwares - free from too many functionalities that mostly just distract.The RBE offers a happy medium between those two poles. While it definitely has more features than a blank piece of paper, its functions are super user-friendly and geared at one goal: allowing you to write and format a beautiful book. The RBE was built to be a book pro duction tool that typesets as you write, turning your manuscript into a fully-formatted book or ebook that meets industry standards - and that can compete with traditionally published books that have been professionally formatted.In the "Writing Mode," you can insert chapter breaks, scene breaks, images, and end notes. You can view previous versions of your manuscript, in case you removed a passage you now want to re-add. When you've reached the milestone of a completed book (congratulations!), you can export a distribution-ready EPUB, Mobi, or PDF file.Head here to learn more about using the Reedsy Book Editor.FastPencil 💠° Price tag: Free software!Finally, you can export your manuscript under â€Å"Publication Setup.† Keep in mind, though, that this file will download as a ZIP, and you’ll still need to convert it to an EPUB or MOBI before uploading to Amazon and/or other ebook retailers.yWriter 💠° Price tag: Free software!yWriter is particularly well-suited for the user who’s determined to keep not just their writing organized, but their work schedule as a whole: it records your daily work and tells you exactly how much you have to write to stay on track. Of course, writers who prefer a more loosey-goosey schedule may find this a bit controlling. But then again, if you’re an erratic writer who struggles to make progress because of your own lack of a routine, yWriter’s schedule function may be just the kick in the pants you need.FocusWriter💠°Ã‚  Price tag: Free software (you can tip, though)!âÅ"…  Features:  A beautiful blank page for you to write your novelFocusWriter isn’t novel-specific software per se, but it will help you rocket-boost your productivity. And of course, it's completely, permanently free - no limited-time trial, no payment with a warranty, no â€Å"premium upgrade† - so you may as well try it out!Th is software is exactly what it sounds like: it helps you laser-focus your efforts onto writing, and nothing else. You can still format your novel and check your word count/daily goals via offscreen tools, but FocusWriter’s default state is simply a blank page. You can also use full-screen mode so the only thing you see is the page in front of you - just like writing IRL.For authors who struggle to concentrate on their work more than anything else, FocusWriter is a dream come true. You might also consider combining it with an app blocker like Freedom, so you won’t be distracted by your phone either. id=attachment_14651 style="width: 685px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">Just like the good old days. From FocusWriterAnd that rounds off our section on free writing software! Now let's get into your options for paid programs.Scrivener💠°Ã‚  Price tag: $44.99 license fee, free 30-day trialâÅ"… Features:  Corkboard planner with virtual index cards, planning templates, integrated outlining system, customizable full-screen interface, split-screen function, import and export capabilitiesScrivener is one of the most storied (no pun intended) programs in use today, having been beta’d by NaNoWriMo writers over a decade ago. It markets itself as a â€Å"typewriter, ring-binder, and scrapbook all in one,† and it certainly comprises plenty of helpful features. But Scrivener’s biggest benefit is the freedom it enables: with so many modes of organization that you can arrange to your heart’s desire, the program lets you write however works best for you.With S crivener, you can do as much or as little planning as you want, so you don’t feel pressured to stay within certain constraints. You can shuffle your notes, outlines, and even chapters around wherever you need. It also has one of the most generous trial periods on offer - you can use it free for 30 days, but they don’t have to be consecutive. So if you only opened the Scrivener app every other day, your trial would technically last for 60 days rather than 30. (And when you do decide to pull the trigger, there are almost always discounts to be found.)The only potential catch with Scrivener is that some authors might find it a little too liberating; it doesn’t provide much novel-specific instruction, as some other programs do. But it’s still an excellent organizational tool with a great interface. Whether or not you choose Scrivener just depends on how much guidance you feel you need. A sample of Scrivener's "novel" template. From  ScrivenerNovel Factory💠° Price tag: $39.99 license fee, free 60-day trialâÅ"…  Features:  Comprehensive  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Roadmap† that walks you through the parts of a novel, straightforward layout with separate tabs for outline, characters, locations, etc., automatic progress trackingThis program is ideal for those who want a bit of hand-holding as they embark on their writing journey. Novel Factory helps writers gradually develop all the necessary components of a novel: first its skeleton, then characters, scenery, conflict, POV, and so on. And their guiding Roadmap does not skimp on details! Each section breaks down a specific element, and includes examples and exercises to demonstrate how they apply within a novel.Again, this piece of novel writing software works best for beginners, or anyone getting back into fiction writing after a very long hiatus. However, it’s also good for writers who know they need rigor ous structure to succeed -   Ã¢â‚¬Å"plotters† rather than â€Å"pantsers." Novel Factory equips you with everything you could ever want, structurally speaking, and filling in its templates should give you a very clear sense of where your novel is headed.The Novel Factory interface is pretty basic, and the templates do serve more as accompaniment to the Roadmap, rather than the other way around. But if you want to create a detailed blueprint for your novel, Novel Factory might be the software for you. It’s currently built for Windows, but Mac users can use extracting software, or the online Novel Factory app (found under "Desktop Version"  here). 📚⚙ Novel Factory and more: the best novel writing software of 2019 NewNovelist💠° Price tag: $29.99 license fee with 30-day warrantyâÅ"…  Features:  Customized templates for your novel’s genre and story, storyboard â€Å"visualizer† and chapter organizer, in-program search engine for research, animated readback, dictation, and textual analyticsNewNovelist software’s greatest strengths are processing and evaluation. You input what your book will be about, and NewNovelist generates a template based on that info. You start writing your novel, and NewNovelist analyzes the content for proportional word count and reading level. Indeed, of all the software on this list, NewNovelist probably has the most technically advanced features. It even lets you dictate your story when you get tired of typing!This program also includes the standard lineup of organizational assets you get with most novel writing software: outlining, storyboarding, character profiles, etc. But it’s the cool techy stuff that makes it stand out. Pe rhaps the most brilliant feature on here is the built-in search engine, which allows you to research as you write without leaving the platform - so that you (hopefully) don’t get too distracted from the task at hand.Though it may not be as sleek as other programs (mostly due to the sheer abundance of features), NewNovelist is an incredible tool for authors whose first priority is sound literary construction. For interested parties, note that NewNovelist is another Windows-only program - but again, there are ways around that if you don’t have a PC. If you want to dictate your novel instead of writing it, NewNovelist could be the software for you ðŸâ€" £ Novel Suite💠° Price tag: $12/month or $99/year subscription options, free 7-day trialâÅ"…  Features:  Novel board for outlining chapters and scenes, various detailed templates, character profile sheets, research and image library sectionsNovel Suite is one of the most streamlined programs out there for writers. Right off the bat, it has a color-coded welcome screen where you can easily navigate among the different modules: your novel board, word processor, writing templates page, character list, image library, and finally an area for your research. It’s perfect for writers who might be overwhelmed by more complex interfaces, but who still need to organize complex ideas.As for Novel Suite’s actual modules, its writing templates are where the program really shines. Novel Suite includes six templates, full of specific questions and thoughtful tips to help you plan your novel. For example, the â€Å"Starting Out† template encourages writers to think abo ut â€Å"the overall story journey† and â€Å"how to capture readers,† while still allowing for flexibility.The subscription-only model will naturally deter some writers from this program. But it's worth giving the free trial a go - you might find that the writing templates alone are worth the price. Especially for those who find themselves frustrated with typical templates and wanting something more nuanced, Novel Suite definitely delivers the goods. id=attachment_14649 style="width: 682px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">AutoCrit💠° Price tag:   $10/month for the â€Å"basic† plan, $30/month for â€Å"professional,† $80/month for â€Å"elite,† or $1 for a two-week trialâÅ"…  Features:  Depends on the plan, but â€Å"professional† is considered full-use - entails genre filtering, an array of editing options for pacing, dialogue, â€Å"strong writing,† word choice, repetition, and direct comparisons to bestselling worksWhile other pieces of software help you organize, develop, and even self-edit your story, they don’t include the in-depth editorial functions and services that AutoCrit does. This is the program to use if you already have a decent-sized draft of your novel, or if you’re a micromanaging kind of writer who likes to edit meticulously as you go.AutoCrit tests your work for all the factors above, and even individual elements within those factors. So for exam ple, after selecting â€Å"word choice† as your focus area, AutoCrit then allows you to narrow it down even more: do you want to check for generic descriptions? Improve your sentence starters? Work on personal phrases? You can achieve all that and more with AutoCrit.The program also boasts an appealing modern interface, and decent prices considering the range of editing possibilities. Some writers might be reluctant to shell out for an editing program - but those writers are probably blissfully unaware of how hard it is to self-edit. When you think of it that way, AutoCrit is an amazing service: it helps you edit your manuscript with the perspective of a professional, from the comfort of your own home. AutoCrit's software is just like another pair of 👀 on your novel WriteItNow💠° Price tag: Free demo (doesn’t save your work), $59.95 license feeâÅ"…  Features:  Front and back matter sections, chapter outlines, element sheets, wide range of editing tools  including readability score and repetition finderWriteItNow’s no-frills design facilitates that all-too-elusive endeavor for aspiring authors: to simply write. Its interface is pretty basic, with a toolbar at the top for quick access to any section of your planning and a sidebar to keep track of the actual writing. But don’t let its minimalism deceive you: WriteItNow also offers a variety of unique resources, especially for editing your novel.After you’ve written a chapter or two with WriteItNow, not only can you check things like spelling and word count, you can also run editorial â€Å"Critiques† via the Editor Tools tab. The program will point out any repetitive phrases, unnecessary â€Å"padding† words, and even clichà ©s you might hav e used - helping you polish your writing in the same way a third-party copy editor might.Another one-of-a-kind feature in WriteItNow is the automatic â€Å"Create Idea† function. You can select a character and a type of idea - in a maneuver reminiscent of choosing personality traits on The Sims - and the program will spit out creative prompts. It might be something you can integrate into your story, or a thought exercise to flesh out your characters.This program may also seem a bit on the pricey side - however, the license fee does cover both Mac and PC versions of the software. In any case, WriteItNow absolutely lives up to its name in terms of helping writers get their work done, and you can’t put a price on that. id=attachment_14650 style="width: 703px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">We told you it was like The Sims!For book formatting software, check out this post on Vellum.Remember...No novel writing software is actually magic - that is, none of it's going to write your novel for you. But with the right tools to lend you some structure, focus, and a dash of inspiration, you might just be able to get ‘er done all by yourself.Ever tried using writing software? Tell us about it in the comments below!

Conditions at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory - 1911

Conditions at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory - 1911 To understand the Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire of 1911, its helpful to get a picture of the conditions at the factory before and at the time of the fire. Conditions at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Most of the workers were young immigrants, Russian Jews or Italians, with some German and Hungarian immigrants as well. Some were as young as 12 to 15 years old, and often sisters or daughters and mother or cousins were all employed at the shop. The 500-600 workers were paid at piecework rates, so that pay for any individual depended on the skill of the work done (men mostly did the collars, which was a more highly paid task) and how quickly one worked. Pay averaged around $7 per week for most, with some paid as high as $12 per week. At the time of the fire, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory was not a union shop, though some workers were members of the ILGWU.  The 1909 Uprising of the Twenty Thousand and the 1910 Great Revolt had led to growth in the ILGWU and to some preferential shops, but the Triangle Factory was not among those. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory owners Max Blanck and Isaac Harris were concerned about employee theft. On the ninth floor there were only two doors; one was routinely locked, leaving open only the door to the stairwell to the Greene Street exit. That way, the company could inspect handbags and any packages of workers on their way out at the end of the work day. There were no sprinklers in the building. There had been no fire drills to practice response to fires, though a fire expert, hired in 1909 on the advice of an insurance company, had recommended implementing fire drills. There was one fire escape which proved not very strong, and an elevator. On March 25, as most Saturdays, workers had begun to clear the work areas and fill bins with fabric scraps. Garments and cloth were in piles, and there would have been considerable fabric dust from the cutting and sewing process. Most of the light inside the building came from gas lamps. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: Index of Articles Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire  - the fire itselfThe 1909 Uprising of the Twenty Thousand  and the 1910 Cloakmakers Strike: background​After the Fire: identifying victims, news coverage, relief efforts, memorial and funeral march, investigations, trialFrances Perkins and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

What Have I Learned during the Entrepreneurship Programme and How Can Essay

What Have I Learned during the Entrepreneurship Programme and How Can I Apply this in My Future Career - Essay Example The path-breaking study is basically based on broad field research, some work experience and academic study (Chesbrough, 2003). There are many well known companies who have adopted this approach and got facilitated from it. This open innovation is creating a great opportunity for all the entrepreneurs so that they can learn through their experience and apply all those profit-making strategies in their own business so that they can expand their business and acquire maximum profit. This also led to the enhancement of entrepreneurship since it shows how one man can contribute to the industry and how one individual can show creativity on their own. Open Innovation basically show how organizations can utilize the business model in order to identify a more distinguished role of research and development in the world containing abundant information, make advancement in their existing business, enhanced management and access of intellectual property, and develop their business for future (Mor en, 2010). Companies belongs to different industries must transform in a way similar to the one in which they have commercialize knowledge, and with this open innovation, entrepreneurs can unfasten the hidden economic value with respect to ideas as well as technologies. Who an entrepreneur is? An entrepreneur is actually a person who expands or creates new ideas while taking the risk of establishing a new enterprise in order to produce products and services which satisfy the need of the customers. (Pett, 2006). Every entrepreneur is a business person however; every business persons are not at all entrepreneurs. Let take a look at why every business person cannot be or are not an entrepreneur. Take an example from our daily life, an old woman who sits near your home and sells the same kind of food with same taste and quantity, even the quality remains the same. Her so-called stall remains unchanged which does not at all bring any change in her living standard not even for some apprec iable extent.  

Eleven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eleven - Essay Example In a time of emotional support, my family comes first in consoling and helping me. At least, family can remain genuine to you all the time. Long when I was little, I used to depend so much on my family for every decision-making support. However, this has changed greatly as I make more friends who can help me sort out some of my needs that my family cannot. Friends can even help me keep a secret that I do not wish my family to know. The communication pattern with my family is satisfactory, and it makes me achieve most of my needs. However, there are certain needs that the communication pattern in my family will not help me achieve. Such needs are easily achieved through the help of friends. Friends normally consider one someone mature at some point when your family still consider you a child. Therefore, in order to change the pattern, I would like my parents to consider me as someone who can sometimes make right decisions on their own. Therefore, I can sometimes be allowed of exercising independent-minded decisions. In my family, use mostly use communication as a way of reaching out to my parents whenever there is a need I want them to know about. Most of the time, everyone is busy in the family attending to different issues separately. Therefore, you only take a short time to pass a message to whoever is concerned when it is required to. My family is majoring on weekends and holidays to be family days. During such days, we go out as a family to relax together, and on vacation during long holidays. This creates a forum for us to be together as a family and be close to each other. However, I would wish that parents create more time for their children to attend to all their needs as they want them to. To other families, it is very important to watch your children grow and give them the best directions in

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay The Spanish colonization of Trinidad began through Christopher Columbus. Columbus was born to a weaver in the year 1451; he began sailing in the early 1470s. During the days of Columbus, gold was very limited and it was believed that the wealth of a nation would be determined by the amount of gold its economy owned. He made his third voyage in the year 1498, with the sponsorship and the approval from Spanish monarchy in return for the title of lands and a great percentage of profits from his voyage. His voyage was an attempt to provide evidence to support his theory that the world was round, and he would be able to reach the Indies (located in the east) easier and faster by sailing in a westward direction. He wanted to sail to the Indies to acquire the immense riches he heard of in India, and return the wealth to the Spanish monarchy. The Spanish believed that it would be profitable to trade with India because they had precious gold and immense riches because of their resources. Howe ver in his attempt to reach the Indies it was at this point he rediscovered Trinidad, unfortunately he believed that he had reach India for the Spanish had no prior knowledge of the Americas. On July 31st the island of Trinidad was then claimed to the crown in this year and it stayed in the rulings of the Spanish until the year 1797. Upon Columbus arrival in Trinidad he was amazed that this theory was indeed right and that he had reached India. He immediately examined the native people with the biases eyes of his European nature. He recognized the indigenous people to be good factors of production (labour). Columbus also acknowledged that the Caribs were violent people but they seemed healthy and intelligent and would make good slaves to the queen. However the native saw the Spaniard as Gods because of their white skin complexion, so they immediately welcomed them. The native worshiped, served and granted the desires of the Spanish. They believed in doing so, the Gods as they called the Spanish would be pleased of them, and they would be richly blessed. Columbus entered Trinidad for reasons such as mercantilism, colonialism, and to expand their religion of Christianity upon the native people claiming titles and profits for the Spanish monarchy. The population of Trinidad was mainly comprised of two sets of indigenous tribes known as the Amerindians, recorded from written history; they were called the Tainos and the Kalinagos. They were known as the Arawaks and Caribs respectively, these names given by the Europeans. The Arawaks began to settle in Trinidad around 250BC. They arrived from the Orinoco region and were much more advance than the earlier settlers. The Arawaks were great hunters and farmers for the purpose of sustaining their food needs. Their religion had a selective mixture representing nature worship, ancestor worship and protective magic. They adorned themselves with mixtures of colored dye smeared in pattern on their bodies also with hanging ornaments. They created their own crafts and weapons using simple elements of nature. They developed small temporary village societies; their houses were round with steep thatched roofs. The Arawaks portrayed honesty, sympathy, generosity and put others before themselves. They were considered to be a little more civilized and humane than the Caribs. The Caribs arrived in Trinidad after the Arawaks around AD 1000. They also journeyed through the Orinoco region. Eventually they had great control of the entire Lesser Antilles. The Caribs aggressive by nature, the Europeans falsely address them as human flesh eaters. Their lifestyles were stemmed from the former settlers of Trinidad, the Arawaks. They adopted traits form the Arawaks, which made them very similar to the Arawaks. They were described from the Europeans to be taller, stronger and more beautiful than the Arawaks. The Caribs diet was similar to the Arawaks but they had more protein in their diet. They relied less on cassava and maize because they were excellent fishers. Their religions were similar to the Arawaks, as well as, the way they adorn themselves with dye smeared on their body. The Carib houses being woven thatch, they looked like beehives. Their social organizations were different from the Arawaks the males were separated from the females and were thought warrio r training. The Arawaks had no segregation. These traits uniquely represented the ethnicities cultures and lifestyles of the indigenous people of Trinidad. The Amerindians were simple, peaceful and free-willed humans. During Columbus conquest of Trinidad, the physiological destruction of the native came, by forcing the natives to accept the Roman Catholicism as the only acceptable religion and enforcing the role of slaves because the Amerindians were seen as subhuman. The physical destruction of the natives was also accomplished by the Spanish through exploitation of the native tribes for labour. They brought new diseases to the island which the indigenous people were vulnerable to, even hunting the native as a means of entertainment was done by the Spanish who adopted the hidalgo class attitude. The worth and essence of native races were destroyed through miscegenation. The Spaniards fought and killed the men of the tribes for their females because they came without wives. These cruel and malevolent changes which the Spanish imposed on the natives led to the decimation of the indigenous populations in Trinidad. The religion of the Spanish, Roman Catholicism remains the largest Christian denomination and the single largest grouping in the nation. Following the success of Columbus voyage the Spanish monarchy secured the religious title of Trinidad and by extension the entire western hemisphere. The Spaniards were convinced that if they could change the religious view of an individual to their religion Christianity, they would have great power or great control on the individual. They also believed that service to God was the sole legitimate purpose of all human beings and once their religion was delivered to the world, the Spanishs empire would be very pleased and powerful. The Spanish leaders regarded the right of the native mainly because they werent of Christianity and brutally enforced the religion of Roman Catholicism on the native. They made the religion mandatory, forbidding the natives to practice their own religious rituals and anything of Amerindian nature. The Spanish destroyed thei r zemis and places of worship which the native build to practice their rituals. Objection to the Spanish religion would result in extreme punishment or possible death. The force of Christianity impacted negatively on the natives for a huge amount of the population was killed in a short time also their unique cultures were slowly vanished. Despite the queens attempt to treat the natives fairly according to her Christian faith, she understood that force labour was necessary for the development of the country. The Repartimiento system was soon introduced by Columbus and was further developed to the Encomiendas systems. These systems were accepted and passed by the house of Castile. The system would distribute the natives in groups and submit them to wealthy Spaniards for the purpose of labour. The masters were to ensure the protection, civilization, payment and conversation of the natives passed by the Burgos law in return for their labour. However the masters completely ignored the crown. The native were made official slaves through the system of the Encomiendas. The Encomonderos (the masters) saw the system as a venue to produce force labour without paying any wages therefore gaining in a lot of profits for themselves. The native were unfamiliar with the harsh working conditions of the Encomiendas system, compared to t heir former lifestyle. The natives believed that the Gods were displeased, and they were being punished for their wrong doings. They began to commit suicide, infanticide and ran away instead of submitting their self and their infants to the Encomonderos. Through the extreme conditions of the masters daily labour, working the farms in the hot sun for long hours. This brought a number of deaths. Working the gold mines with extreme beatings and heavy loads also brought loss. As a result the native had little time and strength to attend to their own gardens (Conucos) which provided them with food to sustain the life of their families and themselves. The Spaniards also allowed their animals to trample and eat the produce of the native leading them to starvation. The Encomiendas system was the result of legal deaths of a vast amount of the indigenous people through starvation and physical strain of labour. Another major reason which caused the genocide of the native was the Smallpox and measles. These two diseases are the most famous diseases, brought to the indigenous people by the Spanish deliberate intension to kill the natives. They offered the natives blankets infected with smallpox. These diseases had a major influence on the decrease in population. Several tribes and villages had been completely killed out to extinct because they were unknowledgeable and unequipped to immune themselves of these new, strange diseases. Additionally, hunting and killing the native as a means of sport or entertainment to the Spanish significantly supported the genocide of the natives. They used steel swords, tipped pikes and cross-bows, they also used armor-covered horses and dogs because they had knowledge the native were very fearful of those large animal. They allowed the bloodhounds to tear there victims to pieces and the horses to trample over the natives. The Spaniards competed on their horses to cut off a native head with just one stroke and run their swords through the body and out the other side of the natives. They drown the native babies by dropping them of cliffs into rivers. The Nobbles and Chiefs of the Spaniards had the privilege to burn the native to death for this practice was reserved for their personal pleasure. The natives had simple weapons such as bows and arrows, stone clubs and wooden spears which were no match compared to the weapons of the Spanish. The Spaniards had great advantage over the natives. The native suffered severely at the hand of the Spanish. These cruel practices lead to several deaths of the indigenous population in Trinidad. Furthermore miscegenation was the factor which caused the value of races of the native to become abolished. On Columbus third voyage he was only able to gather mostly soldiers who fought in the battle to defeat the Moorish kingdom and criminal. These Spaniards were interested in adventure and had no concerns or regards for the natives. They came without their wives and began to seek interest in the female Amerindians. The Spanish began to take the females of the native tribes as their own. The Amerindian men were very displeased so they rebelled against the Spanish. The Spanish, being at the advantage with their weapons and animals quickly defeated the Amerindians attempt to protect their females. The Spanish exceeded once again in their horrible acts against the native and had their way. Soon after new form of races and cultures were introduced, a mixture of Spanish and Amerindian decent. Thus the rich values of the Amerindians races and cultures were slowly faded. Although the Spanish colonization mostly affected the natives negatively, they did also bring with them some positive contributions. The Spanish introduce technological development, with this new technology they learned to build advance ships and to use nautical instruments for navigation on their journeys. Crops such as banana, wheat, rice, coffee and olive where introduce to the natives through the Spanish. They cultivated many lands and harvest abundantly. Trinidad was recognized for their success in the development of its plantation economy and its mass production. The Spanish also imported their animals such as chickens, pigs, horses, cows and dogs. These animals were a factor of production for both labour support and produce. The animals also give Trinidad a variety in its animal species. The term colonization refers to the inhabitation, maintenance and expansion of colonies of an area from persons of a different area. In this context the Spanish certainly colonized Trinidad. Regrettably the Spanish colonization did undoubtedly cause the decimation of the indigenous population of Trinidad almost too extinct. This process started with the entry of Christopher Columbus and his crew members. The Spanish had obtained a greed to gain power and riches overall and lead the worlds economy. They also had a passion to convert the souls of others or heathens to the form of Christianity by any means possible. They believed it was their purpose for life on earth. They made their religion compulsory for the natives. They invaded the territories of the native and control them regardless of their persistent rejection. They made them slaves for their selfish need to obtain power and most of the natives were killed it the defensive wars to keep their freedom. They brought strange disea ses and hunted them for entertainment; they also caused miscegenation and therefore the native cultures and races slowly became nonexistent. Indeed the colonization is the cause of the extermination of the indigenous population of Trinidad.